Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Monocyte-Derived Interstitial Macrophages with a Pro-Fibrotic Phenotype in Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis

doi: 10.3390/ijms252111669

Figure Lengend Snippet: Flow cytometry analysis confirms the presence of distinct IM subpopulations in bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. ( A ) Further analysis of IM subpopulations using surface markers CD206 and MHC class II effectively distinguished five IM subpopulations: IM-1 (MHCHigh+ CD206High+), IM-2 (MHC- CD206-), IM-3 (MHC- CD206High+), IM-4 (MHC+ CD206-), and IM-5 (MHC- CD206Low+). ( B , C ) IM1 cells exhibit high expression of both CD206 and MHC class II, which is consistent with the scRNA-seq results, indicating a monocyte-derived pro-fibrotic phenotype.

Article Snippet: The mice were treated with Bleomycin (BLM) (Item No. 13877, Cayman Chemical Company, Ann Arbor, MI, USA) to induce lung fibrosis, as previously described [ ].

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Derivative Assay

Journal: Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM

Article Title: Stachys pilifera Benth. Ameliorates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats through the Antioxidant Pathways

doi: 10.1155/2022/6208102

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of SPHE on MDA (a) NO (b) TSH (c) and GSH (d) levels in the lung tissue of BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis rats. The results are reported as Mean ± SD, ( n = 7). ( ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, control vs Bleomycin group). ( ### p < 0.001, Bleomycin vs Vitamin E ### p < 0.001, Bleomycin vs S.P 300 and S.P 600) ( ## p < 0.01, Bleomycin vs Vitamin E ## p < 0.01, Bleomycin vs S.P 300 # p < 0.01, Bleomycin vs S.P 600).

Article Snippet: Bleomycin (BLM), 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPTZ), sulfanilamide, n-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 5,5′-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) were purchased from Merk- Germany.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM

Article Title: Stachys pilifera Benth. Ameliorates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats through the Antioxidant Pathways

doi: 10.1155/2022/6208102

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of SPHE on MDA (a) NO (b) FRAP (c) and TSH (d) levels in serum of BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis rats. The results are reported as mean ± SD, ( n = 7). ( ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, control vs Bleomycin group). ( ### p < 0.001, Bleomycin vs Vitamin E ### p < 0.001, Bleomycin vs S.P 300 and S.P 600) ( ## p < 0.01, Bleomycin vs Vitamin E ## p < 0.01, Bleomycin vs S.P 300 and S.P).

Article Snippet: Bleomycin (BLM), 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPTZ), sulfanilamide, n-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 5,5′-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) were purchased from Merk- Germany.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM

Article Title: Stachys pilifera Benth. Ameliorates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Rats through the Antioxidant Pathways

doi: 10.1155/2022/6208102

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of SPHE on hydroxyproline content in the liver tissue of BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis rats. The results are reported as mean ± SD, ( n = 7). ( ∗∗∗ p < 0.001, control vs Bleomycin group). ( ### p < 0.001, Bleomycin vs Vitamin E ### p < 0.001, Bleomycin vs S.P 300 and S.P 600).

Article Snippet: Bleomycin (BLM), 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPTZ), sulfanilamide, n-(1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine dihydrochloride, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), trichloroacetic acid (TCA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 5,5′-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) were purchased from Merk- Germany.

Techniques: Control

Journal: Bioengineering & Translational Medicine

Article Title: Macrophage‐targeted delivery of siRNA to silence Mecp2 gene expression attenuates pulmonary fibrosis

doi: 10.1002/btm2.10280

Figure Lengend Snippet: MECP2 expression was increased in lung and BALF samples from IPF patients and mice with pulmonary fibrosis. (a) Western blotting analysis of MECP2 expression in the lung homogenates derived from IPF patients and control subjects. Left panel: Representative Western blotting images. Right panel: A bar graph showing the mean data of all subjects analyzed in each group. (b) Representative images for single‐cell sequencing from two IPF patients. (c and d) Representative results of coimmunostaining for MECP2 and CD68 in lung sections (c) and BALF (d) from IPF patients and control subjects. A total of five patients with IPF and five control subjects were analyzed. (e and f) Representative coimmunostaining results showing Mecp2 and CD68 in BALF (e) and lung sections (f) from BLM‐induced mice with pulmonary fibrosis. The nuclei were stained blue by DAPI, and the images were taken at ×400 magnification. Five mice were included in each study group. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; BLM, bleomycin; IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; MECP2, methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2

Article Snippet: Bleomycin (BLM) was obtained from Huirui.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Derivative Assay, Control, Sequencing, Staining, Binding Assay

Journal: Bioengineering & Translational Medicine

Article Title: Macrophage‐targeted delivery of siRNA to silence Mecp2 gene expression attenuates pulmonary fibrosis

doi: 10.1002/btm2.10280

Figure Lengend Snippet: Biodistribution of liposomes after intratracheal injection. (a) Schematic diagram showing the preparation of Mecp2 siRNA‐loaded liposomes. (b) Representative TEM image of Mecp2 siRNA‐loaded liposomes. (c) Hydrodynamic diameter distributions of Mecp2 siRNA‐loaded liposomes. (d) Colloid stability of siRNA‐loaded liposomes in PBS. (e) Representative IVIS images of a mouse at different time points after the administration of DiR‐labeled liposomes. (f) Ex vivo fluorescence images of major organs from mice. (g) Immunofluorescence image showing the biodistribution of DiR‐labeled liposomes (red) in the lungs of BLM‐induced mice. The nuclei were stained blue by DAPI, and the images were taken at ×400 magnification. (h) Flow cytometric analysis of liposomes distribution in the lungs of BLM‐induced mice. (i) Temporal changes in Mecp2 expression in the lungs of Mecp2 siRNA‐loaded liposomes transfected mice after 14 days of BLM induction. Five mice were included in each study group. *** p < 0.001. BLM, bleomycin; Mecp2, methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2; PBS, phosphate‐buffered saline; siRNA, small interfering RNA; TEM, transmission electron microscopy

Article Snippet: Bleomycin (BLM) was obtained from Huirui.

Techniques: Liposomes, Injection, Labeling, Ex Vivo, Fluorescence, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Expressing, Transfection, Binding Assay, Saline, Small Interfering RNA, Transmission Assay, Electron Microscopy

Journal: Bioengineering & Translational Medicine

Article Title: Macrophage‐targeted delivery of siRNA to silence Mecp2 gene expression attenuates pulmonary fibrosis

doi: 10.1002/btm2.10280

Figure Lengend Snippet: Intratracheal administration of Mecp2 siRNA‐loaded liposomes reversed established pulmonary fibrosis. (a) Schematic of the experimental design. (b) Histological analysis of the severity of lung fibrosis in mice after BLM induction. Left panel: Representative images of H&E‐ (top), Masson‐ (middle), and Sirius red (bottom)‐stained lung sections. Images were taken at an original magnification of ×200. (c) Ashcroft scores showing the severity of fibrosis. (d) The quantification of hydroxyproline in BLM‐induced mice. (e) Western blotting analysis of fibronectin, collagen 1, α‐SMA, and Mecp2 expression in mice. Left panel: Representative Western blotting images. Right panel: Bar graphs showing the mean data from all subjects analyzed in each group. (f–i) RT‐PCR analysis of Fn1 (f), Col1a1 (j), Acta2 (h), and Mecp2 (i) expression in each group. Five mice were included in each study group. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. BLM, bleomycin; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; Mecp2, methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2; RT‐PCR, reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction; siRNA, small interfering RNA

Article Snippet: Bleomycin (BLM) was obtained from Huirui.

Techniques: Liposomes, Staining, Western Blot, Expressing, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Binding Assay, Reverse Transcription, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Small Interfering RNA

Journal: Bioengineering & Translational Medicine

Article Title: Macrophage‐targeted delivery of siRNA to silence Mecp2 gene expression attenuates pulmonary fibrosis

doi: 10.1002/btm2.10280

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mecp2 enhanced M2 polarization in BLM‐induced mice. (a) Flow cytometric analysis of M2 macrophages in the lung from each group. Upper panel: Scatter diagrams showing the flow cytometric analysis. Lower panel: A bar graph showing the data. CD206 and CD11c cells were gated from the F4/80 + cells. (b) Western blotting analysis of CD206, Ym1 and Arg1 expression in mice. Left panel: Representative Western blotting images. Right panel: Bar graphs showing the data from five mice. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001. Arg1, Arginase 1; BLM, bleomycin; Mecp2, methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2; Ym1, chitinase 3‐like 3

Article Snippet: Bleomycin (BLM) was obtained from Huirui.

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Binding Assay

Journal: Bioengineering & Translational Medicine

Article Title: Macrophage‐targeted delivery of siRNA to silence Mecp2 gene expression attenuates pulmonary fibrosis

doi: 10.1002/btm2.10280

Figure Lengend Snippet: Therapeutic effect of Mecp2 siRNA‐loaded liposomes on pulmonary fibrosis was depend on macrophages. (a) Schematic of the experimental design. (b) Histological analysis of the severity of lung fibrosis in mice after BLM induction. Left panel: Representative images of H&E‐ (left), Masson‐ (middle), and Sirius red (right)‐stained lung sections. Images were taken at an original magnification of ×200. (c) Ashcroft scores showing the severity of fibrosis. (d) The quantification of hydroxyproline in BLM‐induced mice. (e) Western blotting analysis of fibronectin, collagen 1, α‐SMA, and Mecp2 expression in mice. Left panel: Representative Western blotting images. Right panel: Bar graph showing the mean data from all subjects analyzed in each group. (f) RT‐PCR analysis of Fn1 , Col1a1 , and Acta2 expression in each group. Four mice were included in each study group. BLM, bleomycin; H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; Mecp2, methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2; RT‐PCR, reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction; siRNA, small interfering RNA

Article Snippet: Bleomycin (BLM) was obtained from Huirui.

Techniques: Liposomes, Staining, Western Blot, Expressing, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Binding Assay, Reverse Transcription, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Small Interfering RNA

Journal: Frontiers in Medicine

Article Title: CT-guided percutaneous aspiration and bleomycin sclerotherapy for symptomatic hepatic cysts: technique and three-year outcomes

doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1687375

Figure Lengend Snippet: The single-pass single-needle puncturing technique of CT-guided percutaneous needle aspiration and bleomycin sclerotherapy for a 67-year-old male patient with solitary hepatic cyst. A 10-cm 21-gage Chiba needle was inserted into the cyst in the left liver lobe under CT guidance (A) . After the first 10 mL of aspirated cyst fluid was sent to the laboratory for examination, 10 mL of diluted contrast media was injected into the cyst to confirm that there was no communication between the cyst and the biliary system (B) . The cyst fluid was then evacuated almost completely (C) . The repeat CT scan showed no leakage after injection of the half-dose Bleomycin solution contained diluted contrast media (D) . The postprocedure CT scan showed that bleomycin solution was stayed in the cyst cavity (E) .

Article Snippet: Subsequently, bleomycin hydrochloride (Takasaki Plant, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was dissolved in diluted contrast medium (1:1 mixture by volume of contrast medium and normal saline solution) at a total dose of 5 mg bleomycin per 100 mL cyst fluid, not to exceed 0.6–0.8 mg/kg body weight per patient.

Techniques: Injection, Computed Tomography

Journal: Frontiers in Medicine

Article Title: CT-guided percutaneous aspiration and bleomycin sclerotherapy for symptomatic hepatic cysts: technique and three-year outcomes

doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1687375

Figure Lengend Snippet: The single-point multi-angulated puncturing technique of CT-guided percutaneous needle aspiration and bleomycin sclerotherapy for three cysts in a 70-year-old female patient with polycystic liver disease. A 15-cm 21-gage Chiba needle was inserted toward the ventral orientation from the right midaxillary line, and went through the cyst located in the lateral section of liver segment V and entered into the cyst located in the medial section of liver segment V (A) . The cyst located in the medial section of liver segment V was evacuated completely (B) , and bleomycin solution contained diluted contrast media was injected into the cyst cavity without evidence of leakage (C) . The needle was then withdrawn into the cyst located in the lateral section of liver segment V, the procedure of aspiration and sclerotherapy was repeated (D) . Next, the needle was drawn back to the subcutaneous layer, and than was inserted toward the dorsal orientation from the right midaxillary line and entered into the cyst located in liver segment VI; the procedure of aspiration and sclerotherapy was performed (E) . The postprocedure CT scan revealed that bleomycin solution remained behind in three cysts without evidence of spillage (F) .

Article Snippet: Subsequently, bleomycin hydrochloride (Takasaki Plant, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was dissolved in diluted contrast medium (1:1 mixture by volume of contrast medium and normal saline solution) at a total dose of 5 mg bleomycin per 100 mL cyst fluid, not to exceed 0.6–0.8 mg/kg body weight per patient.

Techniques: Injection, Computed Tomography

Journal: Frontiers in Medicine

Article Title: CT-guided percutaneous aspiration and bleomycin sclerotherapy for symptomatic hepatic cysts: technique and three-year outcomes

doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1687375

Figure Lengend Snippet: The operation procedure of CT-guided percutaneous catheter aspiration and bleomycin sclerotherapy for a 64-year-old female patient with a giant liver cyst in polycystic liver disease. After inserting percutaneously a 8.5-Fr drainage catheter into the acyst cavity using the Seldinger technique, the position of the tip of central venous catheter (arrowhead) was confirmed by the control CT scan (A) . A recheck CT scan on the next day showed complete evacuation of the cyst (B) . After injection of bleomycin solution and removal of pigtail catheter, postprocedure CT scan showed nonoccurrence of sclerosant extravasation (C) .

Article Snippet: Subsequently, bleomycin hydrochloride (Takasaki Plant, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was dissolved in diluted contrast medium (1:1 mixture by volume of contrast medium and normal saline solution) at a total dose of 5 mg bleomycin per 100 mL cyst fluid, not to exceed 0.6–0.8 mg/kg body weight per patient.

Techniques: Control, Computed Tomography, Injection

Journal: Frontiers in Medicine

Article Title: CT-guided percutaneous aspiration and bleomycin sclerotherapy for symptomatic hepatic cysts: technique and three-year outcomes

doi: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1687375

Figure Lengend Snippet: A typical example of the imaging-based treatment response after CT-guided percutaneous aspiration and bleomycin sclerotherapy in a 69-year-old man with a simple left renal cyst. Preprocedural CT scan shows an initial cyst volume of 554.4 mL (12.6 cm × 8.8 cm × 10.0 cm in size) (A) . At 6-month follow-up, CT shows a cyst volume of 34.3 mL (4.9 cm × 3.5 cm × 4.0 cm in size) and the volume reduction rate (VRR) of 93.8% (B) . At 12-month follow-up, CT shows a cyst volume of 1.7 mL (20.0 mm × 13.3 mm × 13.0 mm in size) and the volume reduction rate (VRR) of 99.7% (C) . At 24-month follow-up, US shows a cyst volume of 1.2 mL (15.6 mm × 12.4 mm × 13.0 mm in size) and the volume reduction rate (VRR) of 99.8% (D) . At 36-month follow-up, US shows a cyst volume of 0.7 mL (12.6 mm × 9.8 mm × 12.0 mm in size) and the volume reduction rate (VRR) of 99.9% (E) .

Article Snippet: Subsequently, bleomycin hydrochloride (Takasaki Plant, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was dissolved in diluted contrast medium (1:1 mixture by volume of contrast medium and normal saline solution) at a total dose of 5 mg bleomycin per 100 mL cyst fluid, not to exceed 0.6–0.8 mg/kg body weight per patient.

Techniques: Imaging, Computed Tomography